Integración Económica Internacional: Una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70833/d.regional4num1art817Keywords:
Integración económica, integración económica internacional, inversión extranjeraAbstract
La Integración Económica Internacional (IEI) constituye un proceso central en la configuración de la economía mundial contemporánea, caracterizado por la intensificación de los flujos de comercio, capital y producción entre países y regiones. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo revisar de manera sistemática la literatura académica sobre la IEI publicada entre los años 2020 y 2025, con el fin de ofrecer una visión integral del estado del conocimiento respecto a sus metodologías, áreas de estudio, implicancias y casos de éxito o fracaso. La metodología consiste en una revisión sistemática organizada en torno a cuatro ejes analíticos principales. Los resultados muestran que el estudio de la IEI se apoya predominantemente en enfoques cuantitativos y econométricos aplicados al comercio, la inversión extranjera directa y las cadenas globales de valor. Asimismo, la literatura evidencia que, si bien la IEI contribuye al crecimiento económico y la eficiencia productiva, también genera efectos distributivos desiguales y vulnerabilidades ante choques externos. La investigación concluye que la IEI no es un proceso inherentemente beneficioso ni perjudicial, sino un fenómeno cuyo éxito está condicionado por el contexto económico-político, la solidez del diseño institucional y la adopción de políticas complementarias por parte de los países para mitigar costos y maximizar beneficios a largo plazo.
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