Evaluation of the efficacy of fungicides in the control of black spot in yerba mate, Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., caused by Calonectria spp
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70833/rseisa19item660Keywords:
Calonectria spp., carbendazim, prothioconazole, fluxapyroxad, tebuconazoleAbstract
Black spot in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.), caused by Calonectria spp., is a disease with high economic and productive impact, as it significantly reduces leaf area and crop yield. This issue affects both nurseries and commercial plantations in several production regions, including Paraguay. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different fungicides for controlling black spot in yerba mate in Repatriación del Este, Mayor Otaño district, Itapúa, Paraguay. Treatments included copper oxychloride, carbendazim, tebuconazole, and combinations of pyraclostrobin with fluxapyroxad and epoxiconazole, as well as azoxystrobin with prothioconazole, compared to an untreated control. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with six treatments and four replications. Data were analyzed through analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey's test and pairwise comparisons were applied as post-hoc analyses. The results showed a significant reduction in defoliation for all fungicide treatments compared to the control. In the second evaluation, tebuconazole, copper oxychloride, and the pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad + epoxiconazole mixture were the most effective. Although the ANOVA for yield did not show statistically significant differences (p = 0.0600), post-hoc analysis revealed significantly higher yields for these three treatments compared to the control. No significant differences were found in leaf fall. These findings highlight the potential of specific fungicides for effective black spot management in yerba mate under field conditions.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Guillermo Andrés Enciso Maldonado, Marco Maidana Ojeda, Jordán Fernando Cáceres González, Ninfa Natalia Chamorro Sostoa, Marcelo Esteban Medina Aquino, Octavio Jesús Gómez Vega
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